{"id":975,"date":"2026-10-08T08:00:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T08:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moore-czech.cz\/?p=975"},"modified":"2026-10-08T08:01:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T08:01:00","slug":"obce-se-oddluzuji-za-patnact-let-snizily-dluh-o-15-a-na-uctech-maji-sestinasobek-toho-co-dluzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.moore-czech.cz\/en\/obce-se-oddluzuji-za-patnact-let-snizily-dluh-o-15-a-na-uctech-maji-sestinasobek-toho-co-dluzi\/","title":{"rendered":"Obce se oddlu\u017euj\u00ed. Za patn\u00e1ct let sn\u00ed\u017eily dluh o\u00a015\u00a0% a\u00a0na \u00fa\u010dtech maj\u00ed \u0161estin\u00e1sobek toho, co dlu\u017e\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Polovina \u010desk\u00fdch obc\u00ed nedlu\u017e\u00ed ani korunu a Praha srazila sv\u016fj dluh o dv\u011b t\u0159etiny. Zadlu\u017een\u00ed se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do men\u0161\u00edch obc\u00ed, nejrychleji roste na Vyso\u010din\u011b a ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 obce dlu\u017eily na konci roku 2025 celkem 70,7 mld. K\u010d. V roce 2010 to bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 83 mld. K\u010d, za patn\u00e1ct let tak jejich dluh klesl o 12 mld. K\u010d, tedy o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 %. Na bankovn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dtech a term\u00ednovan\u00fdch vkladech p\u0159itom obce dr\u017e\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 408 mld. K\u010d, skoro \u0161estkr\u00e1t v\u00edc, ne\u017e kolik dlu\u017e\u00ed. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z anal\u00fdzy poradensk\u00e9 skupiny Moore Czech Republic, kter\u00e1 zpracovala \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkazy v\u0161ech 6 254 obc\u00ed zve\u0159ej\u0148ovan\u00e9 Ministerstvem financ\u00ed. Polovina obc\u00ed je zcela bez dluhu. Nejv\u00edc se oddlu\u017eila Praha, jej\u00ed\u017e dluh klesl o dv\u011b t\u0159etiny, a pod\u00edl \u010dty\u0159 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst na dluhu obc\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017eil z poloviny na p\u011btinu. Dluh se naopak p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do men\u0161\u00edch obc\u00ed. Na Vyso\u010din\u011b se od roku 2010 v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil a ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji vzrostl o 71 %. Loni nav\u00edc dluh obc\u00ed po dvou letech poklesu op\u011bt vzrostl, a to o 6,3 mld. K\u010d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vrchol dluhu p\u0159i\u0161el v roce 2013, od t\u00e9 doby klesl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o \u010dtvrtinu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dluh obc\u00ed rostl a\u017e do roku 2013, kdy dos\u00e1hl 91,9 mld. K\u010d. Od t\u00e9 doby kles\u00e1. V roce 2016 se propadl o 15 mld. K\u010d a v roce 2023 o dal\u0161\u00edch 7 mld. K\u010d, v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech hlavn\u011b d\u00edky Praze, kter\u00e1 splatila velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f. Na konci roku 2025 \u010dinil dluh obc\u00ed 70,7 mld. K\u010d, tedy o 23 % m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e na vrcholu. V p\u0159epo\u010dtu na jednoho obyvatele klesl z 7 887 K\u010d v roce 2010 na 6 482 K\u010d v roce 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u011bnila se i podoba dluhu. Obce dnes dlu\u017e\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b bank\u00e1m. \u00dav\u011bry tvo\u0159\u00ed 61,7 mld. K\u010d, tedy 87 % celkov\u00e9ho dluhu. Komun\u00e1ln\u00ed dluhopisy, kter\u00e9 v roce 2010 tvo\u0159ily 15,8 mld. K\u010d, obce postupn\u011b splatily a od roku 2023 nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9. Zbytek p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na n\u00e1vratn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdpomoci a ostatn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eObce jsou dnes nejzdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco dluh st\u00e1tu vzrostl od roku 2010 z 1,3 na 3,7 bilionu korun, obce ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b sv\u016fj dluh sn\u00ed\u017eily. Pomohly tomu dv\u011b v\u011bci. Sd\u00edlen\u00e9 dan\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely obc\u00edm rok od roku v\u00edce pen\u011bz a od roku 2017 plat\u00ed pravidlo rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti, kter\u00e9 dluh obce omezuje na 60 % pr\u016fm\u011bru jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Obce se nau\u010dily hospoda\u0159it konzervativn\u011b, n\u011bkdy a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Radovan Hauk, partner poradensk\u00e9 skupiny Moore Czech Republic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polovina obc\u00ed nedlu\u017e\u00ed, na \u00fa\u010dtech le\u017e\u00ed 408 miliard<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z 6 254 obc\u00ed jich 3 169 nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dluh, tedy 51 %. Zadlu\u017een\u00ed roste s velikost\u00ed obce. Mezi nejmen\u0161\u00edmi obcemi do 100 obyvatel dlu\u017e\u00ed jen ka\u017ed\u00e1 sedm\u00e1, mezi m\u011bsty nad 10 000 obyvatel dev\u011bt z deseti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proti dluhu 70,7 mld. K\u010d stoj\u00ed 407,7 mld. K\u010d, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly obce na konci roku 2025 na bankovn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dtech a term\u00ednovan\u00fdch vkladech. Pen\u00edze na \u00fa\u010dtech tak p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed dluh 5,8kr\u00e1t. Zhruba 42 % t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 170 mld. K\u010d, dr\u017e\u00ed samotn\u00fd pra\u017esk\u00fd magistr\u00e1t. I bez Prahy ale maj\u00ed obce na \u00fa\u010dtech 214 mld. K\u010d, tedy 3,5n\u00e1sobek sv\u00e9ho dluhu. Neplat\u00ed to v\u0161ak pro v\u0161echny. U 905 obc\u00ed dluh p\u0159evy\u0161uje pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na \u00fa\u010dtech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 pen\u00edze upozor\u0148uje i Ministerstvo financ\u00ed. Podle jeho leto\u0161n\u00edho vyhodnocen\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed samospr\u00e1v Praha v roce 2025 neprofinancovala 22,9 mld. K\u010d pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch investic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u010cty\u0159i sta miliard na \u00fa\u010dtech je na jednu stranu obrovsk\u00fd pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu obce zvl\u00e1dly covid i energetickou krizi bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ot\u0159es\u016f. Na druhou stranu jsou to pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 nepln\u00ed svou roli. Obce je vybraly na dan\u00edch, ale neprom\u011bnily je ve \u0161koly, silnice, vodovody nebo byty. Nejv\u00edc je to vid\u011bt na Praze, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 na \u00fa\u010dtech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 170 miliard a dlu\u017e\u00ed necel\u00fdch sedm. P\u0159i tom, kolik infrastruktury v \u010cesku chyb\u00ed a jak rostou ceny stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed, je odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed investic drah\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Radovan Hauk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praha sn\u00ed\u017eila dluh o dv\u011b t\u0159etiny, velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta u\u017e dluh net\u00e1hnou<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sluhu na poklesu m\u00e1 Praha. V roce 2010 dlu\u017eilo hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto 27,3 mld. K\u010d a neslo t\u0159etinu dluhu v\u0161ech obc\u00ed. Na konci roku 2025 to bylo 8,9 mld. K\u010d v\u010detn\u011b m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, z toho na samotn\u00fd magistr\u00e1t p\u0159ipad\u00e1 6,9 mld. K\u010d. Pra\u017esk\u00fd dluh tak klesl o 67 % a jeho pod\u00edl na dluhu obc\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017eil na 13 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobn\u011b postupovala i dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Brno sn\u00ed\u017eilo dluh ze 7,4 na 3,3 mld. K\u010d, Ostrava z 3,8 na 1,8 mld. K\u010d a Plze\u0148 z 1,5 na 1,2 mld. K\u010d. Praha, Brno, Ostrava a Plze\u0148 dohromady dlu\u017eily v roce 2010 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 mld. K\u010d, tedy 48 % dluhu v\u0161ech obc\u00ed. Dnes dlu\u017e\u00ed 15,2 mld. K\u010d a jejich pod\u00edl klesl na 22 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem jdou men\u0161\u00ed obce. Obce do 5 000 obyvatel zv\u00fd\u0161ily sv\u016fj dluh z 15,1 na 28,7 mld. K\u010d a jejich pod\u00edl na celkov\u00e9m dluhu vzrostl z 18 % na 41 %. V p\u0159epo\u010dtu na obyvatele se dluh obc\u00ed s 201 a\u017e 500 obyvateli v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil, z 3 289 na 7 425 K\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejrychleji roste dluh na Vyso\u010din\u011b a ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozd\u00edly mezi kraji se za patn\u00e1ct let v\u00fdrazn\u011b prom\u011bnily. Nejv\u00edce vzrostl dluh obc\u00ed v Kraji Vyso\u010dina, z 1,8 na 3,9 mld. K\u010d, tedy o 111 %. Ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji stoupl o 71 % z 6,2 na 10,6 mld. K\u010d. Obce ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch tak dnes dlu\u017e\u00ed nejv\u00edc ze v\u0161ech kraj\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e obce v Jihomoravsk\u00e9m kraji s 9,7 mld. K\u010d i ne\u017e Praha. V Pardubick\u00e9m kraji vzrostl dluh o 62 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u00edc naopak klesl v Praze, o 67 %, a v Libereck\u00e9m kraji, o 40 % z 4,7 na 2,9 mld. K\u010d. Sn\u00ed\u017eily ho i obce v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji o 17 % a v Jihomoravsk\u00e9m kraji o 13 %. V p\u0159epo\u010dtu na obyvatele jsou dnes nejzadlu\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obce v Olomouck\u00e9m kraji s 7 937 K\u010d, v Jihomoravsk\u00e9m kraji s 7 887 K\u010d a v Pardubick\u00e9m kraji s 7 707 K\u010d. Nejm\u00e9n\u011b dlu\u017e\u00ed obce v \u00dasteck\u00e9m kraji, jen 3 936 K\u010d na obyvatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po dvou letech poklesu dluh obc\u00ed v roce 2025 op\u011bt vzrostl, z 64,5 na 70,7 mld. K\u010d, tedy o 9,7 %. V procentech jde o nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed meziro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst za cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. V\u00edce ne\u017e polovina p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na obce do 5 000 obyvatel, rostl ale i dluh Brna, \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic, Jind\u0159ichova Hradce nebo T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eLo\u0148sk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst o \u0161est miliard nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m. Obce si p\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed projekty, typicky na vodovody, kanalizace, \u0161kolky nebo byty, a \u00fav\u011brem \u010dasto p\u0159eklenuj\u00ed dobu, ne\u017e doraz\u00ed dotace. Dluh p\u0159itom z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hluboko pod \u00farovn\u00ed let 2010 a\u017e 2015 a je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b kryt\u00fd pen\u011bzi na \u00fa\u010dtech. \u017de rostou pr\u00e1v\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010cechy a Vyso\u010dina, d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl. Do z\u00e1zem\u00ed Prahy se st\u011bhuj\u00ed lid\u00e9 a obce tam mus\u00ed doh\u00e1n\u011bt infrastrukturu. Na Vyso\u010din\u011b obce startovaly z velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9ho dluhu a teprve te\u010f investuj\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm. \u00dav\u011br na stavbu, kter\u00e1 bude slou\u017eit pades\u00e1t let, je zdrav\u00e9 zadlu\u017een\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m by nastal, kdyby si obce p\u016fj\u010dovaly na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd provoz. Pravidlo rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti a dohled ministerstva ale takov\u00e9 obce rychle odhal\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Radovan Hauk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extr\u00e9my jsou mal\u00e9 obce. Turovice dlu\u017e\u00ed jeden\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobek ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V absolutn\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech dlu\u017e\u00ed nejv\u00edc Praha, d\u00e1le Brno s 3,3 mld. K\u010d a Ostrava s 1,8 mld. K\u010d. N\u00e1sleduj\u00ed Olomouc s 1,7 mld. K\u010d, Liberec s 1,6 mld. K\u010d a Kladno s 1,3 mld. K\u010d. V pom\u011bru k ro\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm je z v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst nejzadlu\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Kladno, jeho\u017e dluh odpov\u00edd\u00e1 53 % ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, d\u00e1le Olomouc se 46 % a Liberec se 40 %. Praha dlu\u017e\u00ed 6 % sv\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, Brno 14 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 extr\u00e9my se ale skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed mezi nejmen\u0161\u00edmi obcemi. Nejzadlu\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obc\u00ed v \u010cesku jsou Turovice v Olomouck\u00e9m kraji. Obec s 246 obyvateli dlu\u017e\u00ed 64,5 mil. K\u010d, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobek jej\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a 262 tis\u00edc K\u010d na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho obyvatele. Je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dluh na hlavu maj\u00ed Prameny v Karlovarsk\u00e9m kraji, kde na 103 obyvatel p\u0159ipad\u00e1 dluh 29,6 mil. K\u010d, tedy 287 tis\u00edc K\u010d na osobu. Dluh vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy m\u00e1 v \u010cesku 247 obc\u00ed. Z toho 212 m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e tis\u00edc obyvatel a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nem\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 000 obyvatel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kon o pravidlech rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti stanov\u00ed, \u017ee dluh obce nem\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010dit 60 % pr\u016fm\u011bru jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f za posledn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i roky. Obec, kter\u00e1 hranici p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed, mus\u00ed dluh ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sni\u017eovat alespo\u0148 o 5 % rozd\u00edlu, jinak j\u00ed st\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee pozastavit p\u0159evod \u010d\u00e1sti da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Podle Ministerstva financ\u00ed tuto povinnost za rok 2025 nesplnilo 16 obc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eExtr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady jsou v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem jedn\u00e9 obce a jednoho rozhodnut\u00ed, obvykle nepoveden\u00e9ho projektu nebo star\u00e9ho z\u00e1vazku. U obce s p\u00e1r stovkami obyvatel sta\u010d\u00ed jeden takov\u00fd krok a spl\u00e1c\u00ed ho cel\u00e1 generace. Na \u0161est tis\u00edc obc\u00ed je to ale zanedbateln\u00fd po\u010det a syst\u00e9m funguje. Obec, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed limit, je pod dohledem ministerstva a mus\u00ed dluh sni\u017eovat. Pro drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu obc\u00ed dnes nen\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, jak dluh splatit, ale jak rozumn\u011b utratit pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 jim le\u017e\u00ed na \u00fa\u010dtech,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Radovan Hauk.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Polovina \u010desk\u00fdch obc\u00ed nedlu\u017e\u00ed ani korunu a Praha srazila sv\u016fj dluh o dv\u011b t\u0159etiny. Zadlu\u017een\u00ed se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do men\u0161\u00edch obc\u00ed, nejrychleji roste na Vyso\u010din\u011b a ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 obce dlu\u017eily na konci roku 2025 celkem 70,7 mld. K\u010d. V roce 2010 to bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 83 mld. K\u010d, za patn\u00e1ct let tak jejich dluh klesl o 12 mld. K\u010d, tedy o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 %. Na bankovn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dtech a term\u00ednovan\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"location":[],"class_list":["post-975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tiskova-zprava"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nObce se oddlu\u017euj\u00ed. 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